Glutamate

Atom Label Key

Naming Convention for α-amino acids

The Organic acid carbon is labled the acid.
Each carbon afterwards is labeled in order by the greek alphabet
α, β, γ, δ, ε, etc.
Every atom is labeled by element type and then its position ie. the alpha carbon is CA; the beta carbon is CB

Atom Label	Description

C	Main chain Carbon of amide/acid
CA	Main chain α carbon
N	Main chain nitrogen of amide/amine
O	Main chain Oxygen of amide/acid
H	Main chain hydrogen of amide
HA	Main chain hydrogen of on the α carbon
CB	β Carbon, first carbon of the sidechain
HB?	Hydrogen on the β Carbon. '?' is a number 1,2 or 3
OG	Oxygen on the β Carbon.
CG?	γ Carbon. - the '?' if present is a number 1 or 2

The results are shown. The H from the -OH group on C6 is now on the amino acid side chain. The phosphate group has been transferred to the alcohol carbon of glucose and ADP is the other product.

Glutamate

Name

3 Letter

1 Letter

Glutamate

GLU

protonated (acid form - neutral)
glutamate

Unprotonated (base form - negative)
dominant form at physiological pH

Drawn as if part of protein to emphasize the sidechain properties

The "Sidechain Polarity" button draws an an envelope around the sidechain that is colored by charge according to the scale above.

pK_R in H₂O= 4.25

Free amino acid mass = 147 g/M

Probability of being found in a:

α-Helix

β-Sheet

β-Turn

95%

20%

40%

Special Attributes

glutamic acid (Glutamate) ends in an organic acid which ionizable (can lose a proton to solvent and becomes negatively charged)

At physiological pH of 7 the the terminal acid in glutamate is generally unprotonated (in the base form and negatively charged) it is frequently exposed to water as it is in the demonstration below. In this case, the glutamate is found in β-sheet. The negatively charged organic acid is in contact with the end of another amino acid sidechain - the postively charged amine group of lysine 85. See if you can identify this in the last step of the demo.

In the demonstration below you may "left click and drag" to rotate the molecule "SHIFT left click and drag (up or down)" to make smaller or bigger
Click on the white squares in succession to turn or/off identifying features. Some text describing the issues is in the lower right text box

	Atom Label Description
	Click an atom to diplay it's identity here
	Messages about the currently highlighted features

Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/