Aerobic GLucose Metabolism
Objectives Module 7
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Adapater between glycolysis and Krebs cycle
- Multi-enzyme complex - three enzyme activities work in concert
- Krebs Cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle, citric acid cycle) These are all synonymous
- What are the reactions
- Associate the 5 basic chemistries with those of the citric acid cycle (note that several enzymes in the citric acid cycle combine more than one type of chemistry on to a single active site).
- Which reactions release CO2
- Which reactions produce NADH
- It a cycle - it returns back to the starting material (citric acid)
- Thermodynamics of a chemical cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Misnomer - the phosphorylation in not oxidative (it's a condensation)
- How does this work? We just got done saying that condensations cannot happen in water... without help
- The membrane and its properties are essential
- The five protein complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation system
- Four that handle electron transfer
- One that synthesizes ATP from ADP and PO4
- production of H+ gradient
- How the H+ is used to do work... synthesize ATP
- System
- The complete oxidation of glucose is separate from the reduction of oxygen (O2).
- What is the primary connection between these systems? or How are the Krebs cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway connected
- How oxidative glucose metabolism compares to the non-oxidative system from the previous module (in terms of the amount of ATP Produced per glucose)
- Thermodynamics controls this system
- How oxidation of carbon is connected to the reduction of O2.
- How ATP synthesis is connected to O2 reduction even though ATP synthesis in not redox reaction.
- Thermodynamics of redox reactions and connection to H+ grandient production.
- Thermodynamics of H+ gradient release connections to ATP synthesis.
- The system uses many minerals and vitamin derived cofactors. Look to see where and how they are used.
- Iron
- Copper
- Magnesium
- Thiamine (vitamin B1) used as the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
- Riboflavin (vitamin B2) used as the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- Niacin used as the cosubstrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
- Lipoic acid used as the cofactor lipoic acid
- Pantothenic acid (vitamin B3) used as part of Coenzyme A